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ALFABETO

The foundation of your Spanish journey starts here.
Master the sounds to speak with confidence.

Pronunciation Basics

Spanish Level A1 • Unit 1

1. The Vowels (Las Vocales)

Golden Rule: Unlike English, Spanish vowels never change their sound. They are always short and crisp.

A Like "Papa"
E Like "Elephant"
I Like "Machine"
O Like "Opera"
U Like "Flute"

Practice Word:

Murciélago

(Bat - contains all 5 vowels!)

2. The Letters (Las Letras)

Spanish alphabet: 27 letters. The same as English, plus Ñ (eñe). Each letter has one main sound—spelling is much easier than in English!

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
Ñ
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

Ñ (eñe) is the only letter that doesn’t exist in English. We’ll practice the tricky sounds next!

3. Tricky Consonants (Consonantes Difíciles)

Most consonants are easy, but these 5 are special.
Mastering their unique sounds is the secret to a native accent!

H

Silent H

Always silent.
Like "Hour".

Hola = "Ola"

J

"Hot" J

Strong breath.
Like English 'H'.

Japón, Jugar

Ñ

Unique Ñ

Nasal sound.
Like "Onion".

España, Niño

LL

Double L

Sounds like
'Y' in "Yes".

Llamar, Lluvia

Q

"Key" Q

Always with 'u'.
Sounds like 'K'.

Queso, Aquí

4. Subject Pronouns (Singular)

Who is doing the action?

Pronouns simplify our sentences by replacing names.

Yo I (Me)
The Speaker
Tú You (Friend)
Informal
Usted You (Formal)
Respected
Él He
Ella She

The Big Question:
Tú vs. Usted

In English, you always say "You". In Spanish, context matters.
Choosing the right one shows respect and culture.

Informal

Tú

"Closeness & Friendship"

  • Friends
  • Family
  • Children
  • Pets
Formal

Usted

"Respect & Distance"

  • Boss / Clients
  • Doctors / Police
  • Elderly people
  • Strangers

Plural Pronouns

Referring to groups of people?
Here is how we say "We", "You all", and "They".

Nosotros

We

Nosotros (Mixed/Men)
Nosotras (Women)
Ustedes

You all

Used in L.A. for both formal and informal groups.

Ellos

They

Ellos (Mixed/Men)
Ellas (Women)
The "Mixed Group" Rule:

Even with 99 women and 1 man, we use the Masculine Form (Nosotros / Ellos).

Let's Practice!

Prove your skills! Drag & Drop the correct pronoun to replace the highlighted names.

Ella
Nosotros
Ellos
Usted
Tú

Sister

Maria es doctora.

Drop here

My friend & I

Carlos y yo leemos.

Drop here

Parents

Mis padres viajan.

Drop here

The Boss

Mr. López es el jefe.

Drop here

Basic Greetings

Start every conversation the right way.
Use these phrases depending on the time of day.

Buenos días

Good morning

Until 12:00 PM

Buenas tardes

Good afternoon

12:00 PM - Sunset

Buenas noches

Good evening / Night

After Sunset

Mucho gusto

Nice to meet you

Anytime!

Complete the Chat

Imagine you are meeting Camilo for the first time.
Fill in the 6 blanks to complete the conversation.

¡Hola! Buenos días.

Camilo

Buenos .

You

¿Cómo te llamas?

Camilo

Me Sarah.

You

¿Cómo estás?

Camilo

Muy , gracias.

You

¿De dónde eres?

Camilo

Soy de .

You

¡Qué bien! ¿Hablas español?

Camilo

Sí, un poco.

You

¡Genial! Hasta luego.

Camilo

luego, Camilo.

You

Final Mission

It is time to use everything you have learned today.
Stand up and speak!

Your Script

  • 1

    Say a greeting (Buenos días...)

  • 2

    Introduce yourself (Yo soy...)

  • 3

    Introduce a classmate (Él / Ella es...)

  • 4

    Say goodbye (Mucho gusto...)

¡Hasta la próxima clase!

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